PSG has now secured the prestigious trophy on fourteen different times.
The Parisian giants required a stoppage-time leveler followed by a successful penalty shootout to overcome their arch-rivals in the Gulf and secure a record-extending fourth consecutive Trophee des Champions title.
The European champions appeared to be sailing towards a comfortable triumph in the showdown featuring the Ligue 1 winners and the Coupe de France holders after the French winger opened the scoring early on.
However, Marseille struck two times late to seize a surprise advantage. Initially, Mason Greenwood scored from the spot-kick, before Willian Pacho unfortunately directed the ball into his own net for an own-goal.
In a breathtaking twist of fortune, Goncalo Ramos grabbed a vital equaliser in the final seconds to force the contest into a penalty shootout. The Parisian shot-stopper Lucas Chevalier then emerged as the hero, saving decisive attempts from Matt O'Riley and Traore.
In the shootout, Ramos, Vitinha, Nuno Mendes, and the young talent all converted with composure for PSG to complete a convincing shootout victory.
Now 14-time champions PSG, who met last season's Ligue 1 second-placed team Marseille after completing a domestic double, have now won this trophy for the twelfth time in the last thirteen years.